Bill Ackman and Sean “Diddy” Combs are on the list of owners of Elon Musk’s X, the social media site formerly known as Twitter.
The platform was forced to disclose investors as part of a lawsuit brought by former employees seeking payment for arbitration costs incurred after Musk bought the site.
Company X has previously maintained that investor information was kept confidential as a matter of “normal practice and policy,” but this week a federal judge in California ruled that the site’s owners’ list must be made public.
Among the social media giant’s 100 or so owners are several well-known names in both the investment and X worlds.
High-profile investors like Fidelity have had previous ties to X, but most notably, investment firm filings suggested the company’s value had fallen 72% since Musk took over.
But the latest filings reveal that the investment giant is backing the platform, with around 30 independent Fidelity-affiliated companies holding stakes in the brand.
Documents made public this week also shed light on some of the company’s lesser known stakeholders.
The Pershing Square Foundation owns a stake in X, according to a list reviewed by Fortune. If the name sounds familiar, it’s because of its ties to Pershing Square Holdings, founded two decades ago by billionaire investor Bill Ackman.
The foundation is run by an independent senior leadership team, but Ackman and his wife, Neri Oxman, serve as co-directors.
Ackman is an active user of X, frequently using the platform to call out other public figures and organizations. He has used X to debate Shark Tank star Mark Cuban and to question the leadership of his alma mater, Harvard University.
Also on the list of owners is Oracle founder Larry Ellison. X’s shares were acquired through the Lawrence J. Ellison Revocable Trust, whose principal business is “to hold the assets and property of Mr. Ellison,” according to a 2008 SEC filing reviewed by Fortune.
The SEC filing also noted that the trust and Oracle’s interests are not related to each other.
Unlike Ackman, Ellison has not been an avid user of the site: Despite having more than 130,000 followers, he has posted only three times, once in 2012 and once in 2023.
Another notable name on the list is Sean Combs Capital.
No match was found for the company in the SEC filing, but the business has previously been linked to American rapper Diddy (formerly known as Puff Daddy), who has launched a number of businesses under his real name.
These include the Sean Combs Foundation, Combs Investments and, most recently, Combs Global, the umbrella brand for his holdings.
Musk has also managed to attract attention from royal families with his efforts, including Prince Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
The Saudi Arabian prince has a net worth of just under $19 billion, according to Forbes magazine, and also owns stakes in luxury hotels including the Four Seasons and the Savoy, as well as technology companies like ride-sharing company Lyft.
And despite his criticism of Musk’s leadership, Jack Dorsey still appears to own a stake in the platform he founded through Jack Dorsey Reminder LLC.
The Twitter co-founder had previously supported the Tesla CEO’s purchase of the company but retracted his support earlier this year, telling members of rival social media platform Blue Sky that “everything was going wrong.”
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There are a few less well-known organisations out there who are not only invested in Company X’s business but also have senior leaders involved.
Take guys like Danilo Kawasaki and Ross Gerber for example.
The two are listed as individual investors in X, according to filings, but also own shares in Gerber Kawasaki, an asset management and investment management firm they lead.
Elsewhere on the list are the expected Silicon Valley VCs 8VC, Andreessen Horowitz and Sequioa.
Of course, the list also includes Musk himself: the SpaceX founder is also on it through the Elon Musk Revocable Trust.
Musk bought the site in 2022 for $44 billion, though the filing did not specify how much of the investment was his own and how much was contributed by others. Since then, the business has been plagued by advertiser defections, mass layoffs and criticism of Musk’s strategy.
Company X did not immediately respond to Fortune’s request for comment.
Complete list
8VC Opportunities Fund II, LP ADREM X LLC ADREM Y LLC Afshar Partners, LP Andrea Stroppa Andreessen Horowitz LSV Fund III, LP Anthem Ventures, LLC ARK Venture Private Holdings LLC BAMCO, Inc. Bandera Fund LLC Baron Opportunity Fund Baron Partners Fund Binance Capital Management Co., Ltd Brookfield Project , LP Eden Relationship Capital LP Elon Musk is a Trustee of the Elon Musk Revocable Trust dated July 22, 2003 FIAM Target Date Blue Chip Growth Commingled Pool By: Fidelity Institutional Asset Management Trust The Company as Trustee Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Commingled Pool The Company as Trustee Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Institutional Trust The Manager Fidelity Investments Canada ULC Fidelity Canadian Growth Company Fund Manager Fidelity Investments Canada ULC Fidelity Central Investment Portfolio LLC: Fidelity US Equity Central Fund – Communications Services Sub-Fidelity Contrafunds: Fidelity Advisor New Insights Fund – Sub A Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Advisor New Insight Fund – Sub B Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Contrafund • Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Contrafund K6 Fidelity Contrafund: Fidelity Series Opportunistic Insights Fund Fidelity Contrafund Commingled Pool The Company as Trustee Fidelity Destiny Portfolio: Fidelity Advisor Diversified Stock Fund Fidelity Global Growth and Value Mutual Fund – Sub A Managed by Fidelity Investments Canada Fidelity Global Innovators Investment Trust Managed by Fidelity InvestmentsCanada ULC Fidelity Growth Company Joint Pool Managed by Fidelity Management TrustCompany, Trustee Fidelity Insights Investment Trust Managed by Fidelity Investments CanadaULC Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust: Fidelity Growth Company Fund Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust: Fidelity Growth Company K6 Fund Fidelity Mt. Vernon Street Trust: Fidelity Series Growth Company Fund Fidelity OTC Joint Pool Manager: Fidelity Management Trust Company, Trustee Fidelity Puritan Trust: Fidelity Puritan Fund – Equity Sub B Fidelity Puritan Trust: Puritan K6 Fund – Equity Sub Portfolios •Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity Blue Chip Growth Fund Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity Blue Chip Growth K6 Fund Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity OTC K6 Portfolio Fidelity Securities Fund: Fidelity OTC Portfolio Fidelity Select Portfolio: Select Communication Services Portfolio • G64 Ventures LLC Gerber Kawasaki Corporation GFNCI LLC Gigafund 0.21, LP Glacier Ventures LLC Go Mav, LLC Prince Alwaleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Alwaleed Prince Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud IMG US, LLC Jack Dorsey Remainder LLC Jack Dorsey Tr Ua December 8, 2010 Jack Dorsey Revocable Trust Kingdom Holding Company Lawrence J. Ellison Revocable Trust Linda Ye and Robin Wren Family Foundation Litani Ventures • Luchi Fiduciaria SR POS. 365 Manhattan Venture Partners X LLC Mirae Asset Innovation X ONE, LLC Mirae Asset Project X Fund I, LP Olivier Janssens Q Tetris Holding LLC Ross Gerber Santo Lira LLC SC CDA1 LLC SCGE Fund, LP SCGGF III – US/India Management, LP SCHF (M) PV, LP Scott Nolan SC US/E Expansion Fund I Management, LP Sean Combs Capital, LLC Sequent (Schweiz) AG as Trustee of the Debala Trust Sequioa Capital Fund, LP Series N Dis, a series of Atreides Special Circumstances Fund, LLC Shahidi Tactic Group, LLC Steve Davis T. One Holdings LLC The Pershing Square Foundation TM33 Partner Holdings Tresser Blvd 402 LLC UnipolSai SPA Variable Insurance Products Fund II: VIP Contrafund Portfolio – Subportfolio A VYC25 Limited X Holdings I Investment, LLC Recommended Newsletter: Advanced for Talented Executives Get the CEO Daily newsletter for free today. Subscribe now.
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